Twisted algebra R-matrices and S-matrices for bn(1)b_n^{(1)} affine Toda solitons and their bound states

We construct new $U_q(a^{(2)}_{2n-1})$ and $U_q(e^{(2)}_6)$ invariant $R$-matrices and comment on the general construction of $R$-matrices for twisted algebras. We use the former to construct $S$-matrices for $b^{(1)}_n$ affine Toda solitons and their bound states, identifying the lowest breathers with the $b^{(1)}_n$ particles.Comment: Latex, 24 pages. Various misprints corrected. New section added clarifying relationship between R-matrices and S-matrice

Electron-positron momentum distributions and positron lifetime in semiconductors in the generalized gradient approximation

The positron annihilation characteristics have been calculated taking the electron-positron correlation in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated electron-positron momentum distributions in Si along the [110] direction in the GGA scheme agree very well with the experiment. The comparison of anisotropies of the momentum distributions along different crystal directions with the theory shows that only the GGA scheme gives the exact values. The enhancement factor for the valence electrons in the electron-positron momentum density is found to be weakly dependent on the momentum. The positron lifetimes in group IV, III-V, and II-VI semiconductors agree very well with the previous calculations and the experiment.published_or_final_versio

Pattern Formation in Semiconductors

In semiconductors, nonlinear generation and recombination processes of free carriers and nonlinear charge transport can give rise to non-equilibrium phase transitions. At low temperatures, the basic nonlinearity is due to the autocatalytic generation of free carriers by impact ionization of shallow impurities. The electric field accelerates free electrons, causing an abrupt increase in free carrier density at a critical electric field. In static electric fields, this nonlinearity is known to yield complex filamentary current patterns bound to electric contacts

Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities for subordinated semigroups

Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities are derived for a class of subordinate semigroups. In particular, for a diffusion satisfying the Bakry-Emery curvature condition, the subordinate semigroup with power $\alpha$ satisfies a dimension-free Harnack inequality provided $\alpha \in(1/2, 1)$, and it satisfies the log-Harnack inequality for all $\alpha \in (0,1).$ Some infinite-dimensional examples are also presented

Control of a bidirectional single-phase grid interface for electric vehicles

The number of electric vehicles is expected to increase exponentially in the next decade. This represents a huge potential for grid support, such as energy storage in their batteries, with advantages for grid operators and for customers. For this purpose, flexible power interfaces are required. This paper presents a simulation of a bidirectional singlephase power interface between an electric vehicle battery and the grid. The proposed system is fully simulated and counts with features such as vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-home and grid-to-vehicle. All power flow and the controllers for these modes of operation are described in detail. The simulation was developed in a Software-in-the-Loop scheme to facilitate a future physical implementation with a Hardware-in-the-Loop platform. The proposed system was extensively tested via simulation, the results proving the system is stable, able to change operation modes smoothly and definition of the exchanged active and reactive powers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anti-bacterial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates at a referral hospital in Eldoret

Background: Hospital treatment guidelines are often guided by scientific evidence of efficacy of the anti-microbial agents. In developing countries, most of the treatment guidelines are adopted from the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, local data is often needed to confirm or adjust these guidelines to suit a local situation. In resource limited settings there is scarce data on blood culture isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns to guide anti-biotic prescription in these settings.Objectives: To assess the bloodstream bacterial isolates and their anti-biotic sensitivity patterns in patients admitted at a tertiary teaching and referral hospital.Design: Hospital based laboratory retrospective studySetting: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya.Subjects: All blood culture specimens received from inpatients at MTRH over a 12 year period from 2002 to 2013.Results: The median age was 13.4yrs (IQR 0.7-29).Most of the blood samples were from female patients (51.8%). A total of 4046 blood culture samples were analysed of which 29.9% (n=1356) yielded positive growths. Majority of the positive blood cultures were from the New Born Unit (62.4%). Staph epidermidis was the most common organism isolated (43.1% n=531) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.8% n=281). Resistance to commonly used anti-biotics (penicillin, cephalosporin) was high among gram positive as well as gram negative organisms. No trend in bacterial isolates was observed over the study period.Conclusions: Staph epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms isolated with higher growth rates occurring in the neonatal and paediatric age groups than in adults. There was no trend in bacterial isolates over the study period. Resistance to commonly used anti-biotics was prevalent

Gender and displacement in Jaffna, Sri Lanka

This report presents the preliminary results of a household survey of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Jaffna District in Northern Province, one of the areas that still has a large IDP population. The main focus of this survey conducted in October 2020 employing Covid-19 safety protocols was to examine the gendered experiences arising from protracted displacements spanning over three decades. The survey covered 220 households (182 male-headed and 38 female-headed), which accounts for 54.3 per cent of the total IDP households in the Jaffna District. Among other topics, the survey gathered data on the respondents’ current living conditions, finances, asset ownership, safety and security concerns, access to services, social networks and relationship with other IDPs and the host community, and water, sanitation and hygiene issues they face. It also gathered data on the respondents’ pre-displacement experiences to compare that with their current lives, in order to examine the role of displacement in gendered issues they face

First Evidence of Dinosaurian Secondary Cartilage in the Post-Hatching Skull of Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)

Bone and calcified cartilage can be fossilized and preserved for hundreds of millions of years. While primary cartilage is fairly well studied in extant and fossilized organisms, nothing is known about secondary cartilage in fossils. In extant birds, secondary cartilage arises after bone formation during embryonic life at articulations, sutures and muscular attachments in order to accommodate mechanical stress. Considering the phylogenetic inclusion of birds within the Dinosauria, we hypothesized a dinosaurian origin for this “avian” tissue. Therefore, histological thin sectioning was used to investigate secondary chondrogenesis in disarticulated craniofacial elements of several post-hatching specimens of the non-avian dinosaur Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (Ornithischia, Lambeosaurinae). Secondary cartilage was found on three membrane bones directly involved with masticatory function: (1) as nodules on the dorso-caudal face of a surangular; and (2) on the bucco-caudal face of a maxilla; and (3) between teeth as islets in the alveolar processes of a dentary. Secondary chondrogenesis at these sites is consistent with the locations of secondary cartilage in extant birds and with the induction of the cartilage by different mechanical factors - stress generated by the articulation of the quadrate, stress of a ligamentous or muscular insertion, and stress of tooth formation. Thus, our study reveals the first evidence of “avian” secondary cartilage in a non-avian dinosaur. It pushes the origin of this “avian” tissue deep into dinosaurian ancestry, suggesting the creation of the more appropriate term “dinosaurian” secondary cartilage

Statistical Analysis of the Road Network of India

In this paper we study the Indian Highway Network as a complex network where the junction points are considered as nodes, and the links are formed by an existing connection. We explore the topological properties and community structure of the network. We observe that the Indian Highway Network displays small world properties and is assortative in nature. We also identify the most important road-junctions (or cities) in the highway network based on the betweenness centrality of the node. This could help in identifying the potential congestion points in the network. Our study is of practical importance and could provide a novel approach to reduce congestion and improve the performance of the highway networ